India shares borders with several sovereign countries: China, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Lying between the Himalayas and the Indian Ocean, India contains diverse ecosystems that includes mountainous terrain, northern plains, peninsular plateau, coastal plains, island groups, and deserts, characterized by many different climates, great biodiversity, and rich natural resources. India is highly vulnerable to riverine, flash, and coastal flooding; tropical cyclones; and droughts. Its vulnerability is exacerbated by the high levels of socioeconomic deprivation among its people.
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