Indonesia, located in Southeast Asia, consists of more than 17,500 islands, with over 81,000 kilometers (km) of coastline. With varied topography and climates, Indonesia is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts, including extreme events, such as floods, droughts, and long-term changes from sea-level rises, shifts in rainfall patterns, and increasing temperatures. Its vulnerability is exacerbated by high population density in hazard-prone areas, coupled with strong dependence on the country’s natural resource base.