Yemen, with a land area of 527,970 square kilometers (sq km) of which only 2.6 percent is arable, is bordered by Oman and South Arabia, as well as the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. Its topography of rugged mountains, highlands, deserts, and coastal plains, coupled with arid weather conditions, renders several regions susceptible to desertification and floods. Yemen is vulnerable to climate-related hazards, such as extreme temperatures, floods, landslides, sea-level rises, and droughts. While these hazards are a natural occurrence in Yemen, their intensity and frequency are likely to increase under a changing climate.